Jumat, 05 Februari 2016

The Emirates Palace- More than Just a Hotel.


The Emirates Palace, Abu Dhabi UAE.
Standing tall above the crystal blue waters of the Abu Dhabi Marina, The Emirates Palace is a luxurious hotel, housing 390 rooms and suites and a multitude of shops, restaurants and tourist attractions.  It is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates-a place many would call the capital of luxury.
                          

The driveway leading up the main entrance of the hotel is enveloped on all sides with beautifully maintained native palm trees. Once across the main entrance, an extravagantly long stairway leads you up the front doors of the Palace. Inside you will be surrounded by luxury, surrounded by famous attractions such as the Golden ATM. The so-called Golden ATM exists in only 20 other locations in the entire world, the very first having been placed in the main lobby of The Emirates Palace. This ATM dispenses items made of pure gold, a luxury not available to all but definitely adding to the atmosphere of extravagance and exclusivity. Everything about the palace exudes luxury and splendor, from the incredible scenery, to the breathtaking architecture, to the attention to detail provided by the staff.

The Emirates Palace, Abu Dhabi UAE.

Like any other luxury retailer, the experience is of the utmost importance to ensure customer satisfaction. Just as atmospherics are used at any luxury retailer, they are elevated in The Emirates Palace. Exquisite lighting is essential to the palace, with the fountains, stairways and entire exterior of the Palace being completely lit up with bright, warm lightening every night, making it look like an authentic Palace. Inside the hotel, the warm glow compliments the Gold walls and the smoothness of the marble.

As well as the opulent grandeur of the Palace, the exquisite customer service makes it stand out above all other luxury hotels. Regular cleaning and room services are elevated by the person butler assigned to each guest throughout their stay as well as the world-class chefs hired to prepare anything you could think to request. The hotel also provides services to the Marina, including full yacht access, which can include massage and catering services for parties and guests.

This type of exclusivity is experienced in luxury retailers like the Hermes Boutique, Paris, Saks 5th Avenue, New York and Harrods, London. The splendor of the architectural development, size, lighting and lavishness of these store attract a certain kind of customers. Similarly, The Emirates Palace uses atmospherics to attract these customers. Being one of the most famous hotels in the world, it attracts tourists from all over the world and with it a variety of potential customers, however most cannot actually afford to stay in the hotel.

Hermes Boutique by RDAI, Paris.


The Emirates Palace does a great job at not only targeting a certain kind of customer to stay, but also at cultivating and maintaining a welcoming image to all kinds of customers. A hotel designed to be a tourist attraction has to worry about brand image and word of mouth to a much higher degree than other hotels, because people travel from all over the world to experience it and a bad experience could get back to many, many people. This could have a negative impact on the UAE in terms of attracting tourists. Having lived in Abu Dhabi for most of my life, I can say from personal experience that the staff do a tremendous job of maintaining the hotel's luxurious reputation and magnificent customer service. 


Sources:

Minggu, 06 September 2015

Using Behavioral Economics to Keep Resolutions

In 2010, David Cameron set up the “Behavioral Insights Team” (nicknamed the “Nudge Unit”) to use behavioural economics to “nudge” individuals to take superior decisions for themselves and society, e.g. save more, register as organ donors, or give to charity. It uses Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) to find the method that best works – similar to clinical trials in medicine. The establishment of BIT was inspired by Cameron reading the book “Nudge” by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, and Thaler (one of the pioneers of behavioural economics) was heavily involved. BIT had their annual “Behavioural Exchange” conference in Westminster in September 2015 and I was privileged to give a shortened version of my TEDx talk showing that social responsibility improves profit, in contrast to the conventional view that it’s at the expense of profit. But, the greater privilege was the chance to learn from the leading behavioural thinkers in the world, e.g. Thaler, Daniel Kahneman (Nobel Laureate), Dan Ariely (author of Predictably Irrational), Hal Varian (Chief Economist of Google). Over the next few blog posts I will share the leading insights of the conference.

Today I’ll start with what I thought to be the single most powerful idea, which I immediately started using in my own life. It’s from Dan Ariely, one of my favorite behavioral thinkers and giver of some of my very favorite TED talks (here is a blog post on my top 10 TED talks). It was in a session entitled “Nudging for International Development” – but the idea turned out to be one that you can apply just as much to individual habits as world economic problems.

Here’s the experiment he ran. He used a RCT to study the best way to persuade adults in a developing country to save money. Here are the different treatments he used:

1) A text message saying “Please try to save 100 shillings by the end of the week”

2) A text message signed by their kids saying “Hey Mom/Dad, please try  to save 100 shillings by the end of the week”. (The text still came from the experimenters – the parents knew that their kids don’t have cellphones – but signing it with their kids’ names prompted them to think of their kids when making the saving decision).

3) A 10% or 20% post-match – i.e. the experimenter gave you an extra 10% or 20% (depending on the treatment) of what you saved by the end of the week.

4) A 10% or 20% pre-match. Similar to the above, but you’re given the bonus at the start of the week, and it’s taken away from you if you fail to save 100 shillings. This is intended to exploit the “endowment effect”. People value something more highly if they have it than if they don’t, so giving them a reward and threatening to take it away may be more powerful than giving it at the end.

5) A gold coin. At the end of the day, you used the coin to scratch either a “Yes” or “No” box according to what you saved that day.

Dan asked the audience which they thought worked the best. The audience seemed split between 2), 4), and 5) (with a bit less suggesting 3). But, the coin turned out to be the most effective by a substantial margin. Here’s why. The coin scratch is much more salient and timely. The bonus pays off only at the end of the week. So, it encourages procrastination – you can spend today, and dupe yourself into thinking you’ll save tomorrow. The same goes for the text message – you think you’ll recover and still hit the weekly target. The coin scratch encourages you to save every day. And it “gamifies” saving. Adults feel they’ve achieved something when, at the end of the day, they scratch the “Yes” box. Note that, if they don’t save, they don’t simply do nothing – they’re asked to actively scratch the “No” box, i.e. admit to themselves that they’ve failed to save.

Although Dan didn’t explicitly draw the implications for our own lives (he only had 8 minutes), I thought that this is something we can instantly apply to develop good habits. That same evening, I created a spreadsheet with a list of things that I would like to achieve each day. Every day, at the end of the day, I have to put a tick or a cross according to whether I’ve achieved it. These goals will vary from person to person, but I’m happy to share a few of mine:

1) Did I end the day with zero emails in my inbox? Typically, I don’t, which leads to the inbox getting more and more cluttered over time. (Note, this doesn’t mean I reply to every email – that’s unrealistic – but I file them for future reply by a particular deadline. See an earlier blog post, “Time Management Tips to Improve Your Productivity“, for more on dealing with email).

2) Did I go to bed before midnight? If I don’t, I don’t just write a cross, I have to write the number of minutes I exceeded the target by. This is to avoid what Dan called in another session the “what the hell” effect – if I know I’ve missed the deadline, I might as well stay up until 3am.

3) Did I do athletics practice today? (plus a similar box for music practice). We often set resolutions to lose weight, or get better at the guitar. But, these are long-term goals; without daily accountability, they get deprioritized.

4) How many times did I check my iPhone that day? I have an app called Checky which records the number of times I check my phone. I try to get below 20 each day.

5) How much time did I spend on my iPhone that day? Tracked with an app called Moment.

Can a silly little tick or cross – on a sheet of paper no-one else sees – really affect how grown adults behave? Can something intellectually equivalent to a gold star we give to kids make a big difference? Actually, yes. As emphasized by one of my favorite authors Stephen Covey (especially in his books “7 Habits of Highly Effective People” and “First Things First”), people act differently when they keep score. You run faster if you’re carrying a Garmin, you row faster if the display shows your split time. No-one else sees these things but you, but they make a big difference. If you play a racket sport, you’ll play differently in an actual game versus just hitting about, even though only you and your opponent see the score and the score has zero effect on your life. People (including me) invest time playing Fantasy Football even though you win absolutely nothing and the game doesn’t matter – because the score has meaning. So, why don’t we apply the idea of scorekeeping to things that do matter?

Kamis, 16 Juli 2015

Zakat Fitrah

Zakat Fitrah. Di dalam hadis-hadis tentang zakat fitrah, kita akan mendapatkan bahwa zakat fitrah itu berupa tha’aam (makanan). Adapun hadis-hadis itu sebagai berikut:
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ
Ibnu Umar mengatakan, "Rasulullah saw. mewajibkan zakat fitrah satu shaa' dari kurma, atau satu sha dari syair (gandum)” (HR. Al-Bukhari, Shahih Al-Bukhari, II:548, No. hadis 1439)
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى النَّاسِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Dari Ibnu Umar bahwa Rasulullah saw. mewajibkan zakat fitrah satu shaa' dari kurma, atau satu shaa’ dari syair (gandum), atas hamba sahaya, orang yang merdeka, laki-laki, perempuan, anak kecil dan dewasa dari kalangan muslimin. (HR. Al-Bukhari, Shahih Al-Bukhari, II:548, No. hadis 1439)
Dari hadis-hadis di atas kita dapat mengetahui bahwa bahwa Rasulullah saw. menetapkan zakat fitrah dengan dua jenis makanan: kurma & gandum.
Apabila hadis-hadis diatas dibaca secara mantuq (makna tersurat) dan konsisten tidak akan menerima mafhum (makna tersirat), maka zakat fitrah yang wajib dikeluarkan terbatas jenisnya, yakni kurma dan gandum. Adapun kata Tha’aam pada hadis Abu Sa’id Al-Khudriy tidak dapat dimaknai makanan secara umum karena sudah ada bayaan tafshiil (keterangan terperinci) pada hadis-hadis di atas.
Berdasarkan pendekatan mantuq hadis-hadis itu, maka zakat fitrah dengan beras atau jagung pada dasarnya tidak sesuai dengan mantuq-nya, kedudukannya sama dengan mengeluarkan dalam bentuk qiimah (harga atau nilai barang).
Namun, benarkah demikian pesan utama Nabi saw., yaitu bahwa zakat fitrah wajib dikeluarkan hanya dalam bentuk kurma dan gandum?
Hemat kami, kalimat min tamrin atau min sya’iir dalam struktur kalimat di atas fungsinya bukan bayaan lit takhsiis (keterangan pengkhusus), melainkan bayaan lit tanshiish (keterangan penegas/prioritas) sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi muzakki (wajib zakat) dan mustahiq (penerima zakat) di suatu daerah tertentu. Hal itu didasarkan atas pertimbangan sebagai berikut:
Pertama, dari sisi Muzakki
Kedua jenis makanan tersebut pada waktu itu lebih mudah didapat atau biasa dimiliki secara umum. Kondisi ini demikian itu dapat kita peroleh dalam praktik pembayaran zakat fitrah yang dilakukan oleh para sahabat sebagai berikut:
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حِينَ فَرَضَ صَدَقَةَ الْفِطْرِ يَقُولُ : صَاعٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعٌ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ قَالَ : فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لاَ يُخْرِجُ إِلاَّ التَّمْرَ فَفَنِيَ تَمْرُهُ عَامًا فَأخْرَجَ صَاعَ شَعِيرٍ مَكَانَ التَّمْرِ
“Dari Ibnu Umar, ia berkata, “Saya mendengar Rasulullah saw. ketika mewajibkan zakat fitrah, beliau bersabda, ‘Satu sha' kurma, atau satu shaa’ syair (gandum). Nafi berkata, ‘Ibnu Umar Ra. bila berzakat tidak pernah mengeluarkan yang lain selain kurma. Pada suatu tahun ketika kurmanya rusak ia mengeluarkan satu sha’ gandum sebagai pengganti kurma.” HR. Abd bin Humaid, Musnad Abd bin Humaid, I:549, No. 1440)
Dalam riwayat lain, Nafi’ menjelaskan dengan redaksi sebagai berikut:
أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ لاَ يُخْرِجُ فِي زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ إِلاَّ التَّمْرَ إِلاَّ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهُ أَخْرَجَ شَعِيراً
“Sesungguhnya Ibnu Umar Ra. dalam berzakat fitri tidak pernah mengeluarkan yang lain selain kurma kecuali satu kali, ia mengeluarkan gandum.” HR. Malik, Al-Muwatha :222, No. 778)
فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يُعْطِي التَّمْرَ فَأَعْوَزَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ التَّمْرِ فَأَعْطَى شَعِيرًا
“Ibnu Umar Ra. bila berzakat dia memberikannya dengan kurma. Kemudian penduduk Madinah kesulitan mendapatkan kurma, akhirnya Ibnu Umar mengeluarkan gandum.” HR. Al-Bukhari, Shahih Al-Bukhari, II:549, No. 1440; As-Sunan al-Kubra, IV:160, No. 7467)
Dalam riwayat Abu Dawud dan al-Baihaqi dengan redaksi:
فَأَعْوَزَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ التَّمْرَ عَامًا فَأَعْطَى الشَّعِيرَ
“Kemudian penduduk Madinah sulit mendapatkan kurma pada suatu tahun, kemudian ia memberikan gandum.” (Lihat, Sunan Abu Dawud, II:113, No. 1615; As-Sunan al-Kubra, IV:164, No. 7468)
Sehubungan dengan amal Ibnu Umar di atas, Imam al-Baji berkata:
قَوْلُهُ كَانَ لَا يُخْرِجُ فِي زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَّا التَّمْرَ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قُوتَهُ وَقُوتَ أَهْلِ بَلَدِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَلِذَلِكَ كَانَ يَرَى أَنْ لَا يُجْزِيَهُ غَيْرَ التَّمْرِ وَكَانَ يَقْتَصِرُ عَلَى إخْرَاجِهِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُخْرِجُهُ مَعَ التَّمَكُّنِ مِنْ الشَّعِيرِ وَيَقُوتُ بِهِ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى أَنَّ التَّمْرَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ الشَّعِيرُ يُجْزِيهِ وَقَدْ قَالَ أَشْهَبُ أَحَبُّ إلَيَّ أَنْ يُخْرَجَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ التَّمْرُ وَوَجْهُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ أَقْوَاتِهِمْ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَكَادُ يُقْتَاتُ فِيهَا إِلَّا التَّمْرُ أَوْ الشَّعِيرُ وَأَمَّا اقْتِيَاتُ الْقَمْحِ فَنَادِرٌ
“Perkataanya: ‘Dia (Ibnu Umar) dalam berzakat fitri tidak pernah mengeluarkan yang lain selain kurma,’ karena kurma adalah makanan pokoknya dan makan pokok penduduk Madinah, karena itu ia berpendapat bahwa zakat fitri itu tidak memadai dengan yang lain selain kurma, dan ia membatasi zakat fitri hanya pada kurma. Dan dapat dimaknai pula bahwa, ia mengeluarkan kurma—padahal gandum pun berkedudukan sebagai makanan pokoknya—karena ia berpendapat bahwa kurma lebih utama daripada gandum, meskipun dengan gandum memadai pula. Sungguh Asyhab berkata, ‘Kurma lebih aku sukai untuk dikeluarkan di Madinah.’ Dan aspek pertimbangan itu bahwa kurma adalah makanan pokok mereka yang lebih utama, karena hampir tidak ada makanan di sana selain kurma dan gandum. Adapun makanan pokok berupa qamh (biji gandum) maka jarang.” (Lihat, al-Muntaqa Syarh al-Muwatha, II:45)
Dari sini dapat diambil kesimpulan, sebagaimana dinyatakan Ibnu Hajar, bahwa mereka (para sahabat) dalam berzakat fitri mengeluarkan jenis makanan pokok yang paling utama, dan kurma lebih utama daripada yang lainnya. (Lihat, Fath al-Bari Syarh Shahih al-Bukhari, III:376)
Pertimbangan bahwa kedua jenis makanan: kurma dan gandum, pada waktu itu lebih mudah didapat atau biasa dimiliki secara umum lebih diperkuat dengan sejumlah data faktual yang menunjukkan bahwa pada praktiknya para sahabat memperluas jenis makanan dari yang “ditetapkan” oleh Nabi saw.
Ibnu Umar menjelaskan:
كَانَ النَّاسُ يُخْرِجُونَ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ أَوْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ سُلْتٍ أَوْ زَبِيبٍ
"Dahulu orang-orang mengeluarkan zakat fitrah di zaman Nabi saw. sebesar satu sha' sya’iir (gandum), tamr (kurma), atau Sult (sejenis gandum yang berwarna putih tak berkulit) atau Zabiib (anggur kering)." (HR. An-Nasai, Sunan An-Nasai, V:53, No. hadis 2516; As-Sunan Al-Kubra, II:28, No. hadis 2295)
Abu Said al-Khudriy menjelaskan:
كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ زَبِيبٍ
“Kami mengeluarkan zakat fitrah 1 sha makanan atau 1 sha sya’ir (gandum), atau tamr (kurma), atau aqith (susu kering/keju), atau Zabiib (kismis/anggur kering).” (HR. Al-Bukhari, Shahih Al-Bukhari, II:548, No. hadis 1439)
Dalam redaksi lain
كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ لَا نُخْرِجُ غَيْرَهُ
"Kami pernah mengeluarkan zakat fitrah di masa Rasulullah saw. sebesar satu shaa' kurma, satu shaa' gandum atau satu shaa' susu kering. Kami tidak mengeluarkan yang lain." (HR. An-Nasai, Sunan An-Nasai, V:53, No. hadis 2518)
Mengapa jenis makanannya diperluas? Kata Abu Sa’id:
كَانَ طَعَامَنَا الشَّعِيرُ وَالزَّبِيبُ وَالْأَقِطُ وَالتَّمْرُ
“sya’ir (gandum), Zabib (kismis/anggur kering), aqith (susu beku/keju), dan tamr (kurma) adalah makanan kami” (HR. Al-Bukhari, Shahih Al-Bukhari, II:548, No. hadis 1439)
Sehubungan dengan itu, meskipun Rasulullah saw. menetapkan zakat fitrah dengan dua jenis makanan: kurma & gandum, namun bila muzakki berzakat dengan zabiib (anggur kering) dan aqith (keju) maka penyerahan zakat mereka tetap diterima. Ibnu Umar menjelaskan:
أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَنْ نُخْرِجَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ عَنْ كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ وَحُرٍّ وَمَمْلُوكٍ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ شَعِيرٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ يُؤْتَى إِلَيْهِمْ بِالزَّبِيبِ وَالأَقِطِ فَيَقْبَلُونَهُ
“Rasulullah saw. telah memerintahkan kepada kami agar mengeluarkan zakat fitrah atas anak kecil dan dewasa, orang merdeka dan hamba sahaya, sebesar satu shaa' kurma atau satu shaa’ syair (gandum). Dan diserahkan kepada mereka zabiib dan aqith, maka mereka tetap menerimanya.” (HR. Al-Baihaqi, As-Sunan al-Kubra, IV:175, No. 7528)
Berbagai keterangan di atas menunjukkan bahwa:
Para sahabat memahami hadis Nabi tentang zakat fitrah itu tidak secara mantuq (makna tersurat), namun secara mafhum (makna tersirat), 
Para sahabat memahami hadis itu bukan sebagai takhsis (pengkhususan), hal itu terbukti dengan diperluas jenis makanannya, 
Secara ekonomi, jenis pangan yang dimiliki oleh publik di zaman sahabat sudah lebih berkembang daripada zaman Nabi.
Kedua, dilihat dari sisi mustahiq
Kedua jenis makanan itu (kurma & gandum) lebih bermanfaat untuk orang miskin waktu itu sebagai thu’matan. Dalam hadis diterangkan:
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ طُهْرَةً لِلصَّائِمِ مِنَ اللَّغْوِ وَالرَّفَثِ وَطُعْمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ
Dari Ibnu Abas, ia berkata, “Rasulullah saw. mewajibkan zakat fitrah sebagai pensuci bagi yang saum dari ucapan sia-sia dan kotor dan sebagai makanan bagi orang miskin.” (HR. Abu Dawud, Sunan Abu Dawud, I:585, No. Hadis 1609; Ibnu Majah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, I:585, No. Hadis 1827; Ad-Daraquthni, Sunan Ad-Daraquthni, II:138, No. Hadis 1)
Para ulama menjelaskan:
وَطُعْمَةً وَهُوَ الطَّعَامُ الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ
“Dan kata thu’mah ialah makanan yang disantap.” Dengan perkataan lain, thu’matan adalah makanan mudah saji dan siap santap. (Lihat Al-Ihkam Syarh Ushul al-Ahkam, II:172)
Dengan demikian berdasarkan pendekatan bayan lit tanshish (keterangan penjelas atau prioritas), dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang menjadi pokok kewajiban zakat fitrah itu bukan “barangnya” melainkan “nilainya”, yaitu 1 sha’. Sehubungan dengan itu, Abu Sa’id al-Khudriyi mengatakan:
لاَ أُخْرِجُ أَبَدًا إِلاَّ صَاعًا
“Saya tidak akan mengeluarkan zakat fitri selamanya kecuali sebesar 1 sha’.”
Ukuran 1 sha’ dapat dikonversi dalam ukuran isi (liter), berat (Kg), dan harga (Rp atau mata uang lainnya). Konversi ukuran itu pernah dilakukakan oleh Mu’awiyah sebagaimana diterangkan dalam hadis sebagai berikut:
قَالَ إِنِّي أَرَى أَنَّ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ سَمْرَاءِ الشَّامِ تَعْدِلُ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ
Ia berkata, “Saya memandang bahwa 2 mud gandum Syam senilai dengan 1 sha kurma.” Maka orang-orang mengambil konversi itu. (HR. Muslim, Shahih Muslim, II:678, No. hadis 985; Abu Dawud, Sunan Abu Dawud, II:113, No. hadis 1616; Al-Baihaqi, As-Sunan Al-Kubra, IV:165, No. hadis 7490)
Atas dasar pertimbangan di atas, hemat kami, para tabi’in sebagai murid shahabat Nabi saw., seperti Umar bin Abdul Aziz, al-Hasan al-Bishri, dan Atha telah menetapkan zakat fitrah oleh harga/uang (dirham). Waktu itu Umar bin Abdul Aziz menetapkan nilai 1 sha = ½ dirham. (lihat, Mushannaf Ibnu AbiuSyaibah, II:398)
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